50 Must-Know IEP Questions Every Parent Needs Answered

Navigating the IEP process can feel like wandering through a maze blindfolded. With so many acronyms, legal jargon, and sometimes uncooperative school staff, it’s no wonder parents are left scratching their heads.

I have basically devoted my life to explaining the IEP process to parents and helping them understand it. I am often complimented on my ability to explain things in a way that parents can understand.

That said, I can go off the rails really quickly. What you would like to know, and what I think you should know, are often very different.

My online advocacy training offers a TON of amazing information–all in language that everyday parents can understand. But, not everyone always wants alllllll the information.

So, for those of you who are just dipping your toe in the pool of IEP information, I’ve compiled a list of the top 50 most common IEP questions parents ask, along with some straightforward answers.

Whether you’re just starting out or have been battling this beast for years, there’s something here for everyone.

Let’s dive in! For many of the questions, there is a hyperlink somewhere in the question or answer that will give you more information if you want. Or, you can always use the search bar on the right hand side. For a specific question for your specific situation, join our message boards and ask.

IEP Questions and Answers

1. What is an IEP?

An Individualized Education Program (IEP) is a legally binding document that outlines the special education services, supports, and accommodations a child with disabilities will receive at school.

2. Who is eligible for an IEP?

Children aged 3-21 with disabilities that impact their ability to learn and who require special education services.

3. How is an IEP different from a 504 plan?

An IEP provides specialized instruction and services, while a 504 plan provides accommodations to help students with disabilities access the general education curriculum.

4. What are the key components of an IEP?

Present levels of performance, annual goals, special education and related services, accommodations, modifications, and a plan for measuring progress.

5. How do I request an IEP evaluation?

Send a written request to your child’s school asking for an evaluation to determine if they qualify for special education services.

6. What happens during an IEP evaluation?

A team of professionals assesses your child’s strengths and needs through various tests and observations to determine eligibility for services.

7. How often is an IEP reviewed?

At least once a year, but parents can request a review at any time if they have concerns.

8. Who attends an IEP meeting?

Parents, teachers, special education providers, a school district representative, and sometimes the child (especially if they’re older).

9. Can I bring someone with me to an IEP meeting?

Yes, you can bring anyone who has knowledge or special expertise regarding your child, such as a friend, advocate, or therapist.

10. What should I bring to an IEP meeting?

Recent evaluations, a list of your child’s strengths and needs, progress reports, samples of your child’s work, and any questions or concerns you have.

11. How are IEP goals set?

Goals should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) and based on your child’s present levels of performance.

12. What if I don’t agree with the IEP?

You can request a mediation, file a complaint with the state education agency, or request a due process hearing.

13. What is FAPE?

Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) ensures that all children with disabilities receive an education tailored to their individual needs at no cost to the parents.

14. What is LRE?

Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) means that children with disabilities should be educated with their non-disabled peers to the greatest extent appropriate.

15. Can the school change my child’s IEP without my consent?

No, parents must be informed and consent to any changes made to the IEP.

16. How can I ensure the IEP is being followed?

Regularly communicate with your child’s teachers and request progress reports. You can also observe your child’s classroom and services.

17. What are related services in an IEP?

Services such as speech therapy, occupational therapy, counseling, and transportation that support the child’s special education.

18. Can I request an independent educational evaluation (IEE)?

Yes, if you disagree with the school’s evaluation, you can request an IEE at the school’s expense.

19. What is a PWN?

Prior Written Notice (PWN) is a document the school must provide explaining any changes they propose or refuse regarding your child’s IEP.

20. How do I track my child’s IEP goals?

Use an IEP goal tracker, ask for regular updates from teachers, and review progress reports.

21. Can my child’s IEP include behavior goals?

Yes, if behavior impacts learning, the IEP can include behavior goals and a Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP).

22. What is ESY?

Extended School Year (ESY) services are special education services provided beyond the regular school year for eligible students.

23. What if my child needs more help than the IEP provides?

Discuss your concerns with the IEP team and consider requesting additional evaluations or services.

24. How can I advocate for my child at an IEP meeting?

Be prepared, stay calm, focus on your child’s needs, and don’t be afraid to ask questions or request clarification. The best thing you can do is to learn the IEP process and how to use it. Whether that’s my online advocacy training or someone else’s, you need formal training.

25. What rights do I have if the school isn’t following the IEP?

You can file a state complaint, request mediation, or initiate a due process hearing.

26. Can an IEP include academic and non-academic goals?

Yes, IEPs can address both academic and functional skills necessary for independence and daily living.

27. How can I help my child prepare for their IEP meeting?

Discuss the purpose of the meeting, their goals, and any concerns they have. Encourage them to participate and express their views. I believe a child should participate in their IEP meeting to the maximum extent possible.

28. What is a transition plan in an IEP?

A plan that outlines goals and services to help the student transition from school to post-school activities, starting at age 16 (or younger in some states). IEP transition planning is one of the most important time periods in your child’s school career, so make sure you are engaged.

29. Can my child be excused from standardized tests?

Sometimes, depending on their IEP. Discuss alternative assessments with the IEP team if appropriate.

30. What should I do if I think my child needs an IEP but the school disagrees?

Request an evaluation in writing and, if denied, you can appeal the decision or seek an independent education evaluation or IEE.

31. How can I communicate effectively with the IEP team?

Keep communication clear, documented, and professional. Use emails to have a written record of discussions.

32. What if my child isn’t making progress on their IEP goals?

Request an IEP meeting to review and possibly revise the goals, services, or accommodations.

33. Can an IEP be implemented at a private school?

Yes, but services may vary. Discuss with your district and private school about how the IEP can be implemented. It can be, but there usually is no legal requirement to do so.

34. What’s the role of the case manager in an IEP?

The case manager coordinates the IEP process, monitors the implementation, and serves as a point of contact for the parents. Not every state or district has a case manager role.

35. Can I request a specific teacher or therapist for my child?

While you can request, the final decision typically rests with the school administration based on availability and qualifications. The district has to provide what is in the IEP. They do not have to provide a specific person.

36. What is a Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA)?

An FBA is an evaluation that identifies the reasons behind challenging behaviors and helps develop strategies to address them. I have written a TON about behavior and FBAs, because it’s one of the most pressing issues our kids face today.

37. Can an IEP include assistive technology?

Yes, if it’s necessary for your child to access their education, assistive technology can be included in the IEP. Assistive Technology is a Special Factor in IEPs.

38. How can I ensure my child’s IEP goals are appropriate?

Ensure they are SMART IEP goals and discuss with the IEP team if you feel they need to be adjusted.

39. What’s the difference between modifications and accommodations?

Modifications change what a student is expected to learn, while accommodations change how they access learning without altering the content.

40. Can an IEP be changed mid-year?

Yes, an IEP can be revised at any time if there’s a need for changes. You don’t have to wait for the annual review.

41. How do I handle disagreements with the IEP team?

Stay calm, present your data, request mediation if necessary, and know your rights under IDEA. Document everything. Consider taking my training so you can use the process to your advantage.

42. Can my child participate in extracurricular activities with an IEP?

Yes, students with IEPs should have equal access to extracurricular activities with necessary accommodations.

43. How do I find an advocate to help with the IEP process?

Look for special education advocates through local parent centers, online resources, or special education organizations.

44. What is a re-evaluation in the IEP process?

An IEP re-evaluation, required every three years, reassesses a child’s needs and determines if they still qualify for special education services.

45. Can parents request IEP meetings more than once a year?

Yes, parents can request additional IEP meetings at any time if they have concerns about their child’s progress or services.

46. What should I do if the school denies my request for an IEP evaluation?

Ask for the denial in writing, which is known as a Prior Written Notice (PWN), and consider requesting an independent evaluation.

47. Can my child’s IEP include mental health services?

Yes, if mental health issues impact learning, services such as counseling can be included in the IEP.

48. How can I prepare for an annual IEP review?

Review past IEPs, gather recent evaluations, and list any new concerns or goals to discuss with the IEP team.

49. What is an advocate’s role in an IEP meeting?

An advocate helps parents understand their rights, prepares them for meetings, and supports them in ensuring their child’s needs are met.

50. What are some common accommodations in an IEP?

Extended time on tests, preferential seating, modified assignments, and the use of assistive technology are some examples.